Lessons concentrated on history, language, literature, and music. The two princesses were educated at home under the supervision of their mother and their governess, Marion Crawford. Įlizabeth's only sibling, Princess Margaret, was born in 1930. She was cherished by her grandfather George V, whom she affectionately called "Grandpa England", and her regular visits during his serious illness in 1929 were credited in the popular press and by later biographers with raising his spirits and aiding his recovery. She was called "Lilibet" by her close family, based on what she called herself at first. The Anglican Archbishop of York, Cosmo Gordon Lang, baptised her in the private chapel of Buckingham Palace on 29 May, and she was named Elizabeth after her mother Alexandra after her paternal great-grandmother, who had died six months earlier and Mary after her paternal grandmother.
She was delivered at 02:40 ( GMT) by Caesarean section at her maternal grandfather's London home, 17 Bruton Street in Mayfair. Her father was the second son of King George V and Queen Mary, and her mother was the youngest daughter of Scottish aristocrat Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne. Elizabeth died at Balmoral Castle, Aberdeenshire, in 2022 at the age of 96, and was succeeded by her eldest son, Charles III.Įlizabeth was born on 21 April 1926, the first child of Prince Albert, Duke of York (later King George VI), and his wife, Elizabeth, Duchess of York (later Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother). Although she faced occasional republican sentiment and media criticism of her family-particularly after the breakdowns of her children's marriages, her annus horribilis in 1992, and the death in 1997 of her former daughter-in-law Diana-support for the monarchy in the United Kingdom remained consistently high throughout her lifetime, as did her personal popularity. Significant events included Elizabeth's coronation in 1953 and the celebrations of her Silver, Golden, Diamond, and Platinum jubilees in 1977, 2002, 2012, and 2022, respectively. Her many historic visits and meetings included state visits to China in 1986, to Russia in 1994, and to the Republic of Ireland in 2011, and meetings with five popes. As queen, Elizabeth was served by more than 170 prime ministers across her realms. The number of her realms varied over time as territories gained independence and some realms became republics. Elizabeth reigned as a constitutional monarch through major political changes such as the Troubles in Northern Ireland, devolution in the United Kingdom, the decolonisation of Africa, and the United Kingdom's accession to the European Communities and withdrawal from the European Union. When her father died in February 1952, Elizabeth-then 25 years old-became queen of seven independent Commonwealth countries: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan, and Ceylon (known today as Sri Lanka), as well as head of the Commonwealth. They had four children: Charles, Anne, Andrew, and Edward. In November 1947, she married Philip Mountbatten, a former prince of Greece and Denmark, and their marriage lasted 73 years until his death in 2021. She was educated privately at home and began to undertake public duties during the Second World War, serving in the Auxiliary Territorial Service. Her father acceded to the throne in 1936 upon the abdication of his brother Edward VIII, making the ten-year-old Princess Elizabeth the heir presumptive. Her reign of 70 years and 214 days was the longest of any British monarch and the longest verified reign of any female monarch in history.Įlizabeth was born in Mayfair, London, as the first child of the Duke and Duchess of York (later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother). She was queen regnant of 32 sovereign states during her lifetime, and was head of state of 15 realms at the time of her death.
Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until her death in 2022.
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